解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Samples of PM(2.5) were gravimetrically collected during the winter 2005/2006 in the urban area of Milan (North Italy). Samples were chemically characterized and the particles were detached from filters to determine their cytotoxic effects on the A549 cell line. Based on the potential toxicological relevance of its co...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.03.003
更新日期:2009-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::A growing body of evidence suggests HIV patients are at a greater risk for developing atherosclerosis. However, clinical investigations have generated conflicting results with regard to whether antiretrovirals are independently involved in the development of HIV-associated atherosclerosis. By administering antiretrovi...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.02.017
更新日期:2009-06-22 00:00:00
abstract::Although CSL box jellyfish antivenom (AV) remains the primary treatment for Chironex fleckeri envenoming, there has been considerable debate regarding its clinical effectiveness. Animal studies have shown that AV is largely ineffective in preventing C. fleckeri-induced cardiovascular collapse. This study examined the ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.02.008
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kahweol, the coffee-specific diterpene, has been reported to have anti-carcinogenic properties. Animal data support such a chemopreventive effect of coffee. However, the precise underlying protective mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, the apoptotic effect of kahweol in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.01.022
更新日期:2009-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::Several incidences of reduction in the fertility (sperm count) have been reported in India and worldwide as well. Adulteration of food and consumption of adulterated mustard oil with argemone oil (AO) are presumed to be the factors for reduction in sperm count. In the present study we have studied the exfoliation of g...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.01.006
更新日期:2009-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::Propylene oxide (PO) concentrations >or=300 ppm induced cell proliferation and tumors in rat nasal respiratory epithelium (NRE). Cell proliferation was suggested to result from depletion of glutathione (GSH) in NRE. In order to substantiate this hypothesis, cell proliferation - measured by bromodeoxyuridine incorporat...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.01.009
更新日期:2009-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic exposure to arsenic, a potent carcinogen and toxicant, via drinking water is a worldwide public health problem. Because little is known about early-life effects of arsenic on immunity, we evaluated the impact of in utero exposure on infant immune parameters and morbidity in a pilot study. Pregnant women were e...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.01.001
更新日期:2009-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::Early life exposure to certain kinds of chemicals is of concern because of a possible increase in cancer risk, but relevant data are limited. In the present experiment, modifying effects of prepubertal administration of potassium perchlorate (KClO(4)) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) on susceptibility to multi-organ ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.12.013
更新日期:2009-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::P-glycoprotein (Pgp) participates in the export of numerous toxins, drugs, and physiological compounds. To examine the involvement of Pgp in smoke-induced oral cell insult, the effects of extracts of the mainstream tobacco smoke (TS) on Pgp were studied in an oral epidermal carcinoma cell line, OECM-1. TS was first ex...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.12.007
更新日期:2009-03-10 00:00:00
abstract::There is experimental and epidemiological evidence demonstrating that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. However, heterocyclic amines (HAs), a class of carcinogenic compounds present in food, which share many biochemical features with PAHs, have not rec...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.11.014
更新日期:2009-03-10 00:00:00
abstract::Indomethacin (IND) suppresses the T-dependent antibody response (TDAR) in juvenile males when it is administered to pregnant rats during late gestation. In this study, the effect of IND on cytokine production in juvenile rats was examined to investigate the mechanism behind the suppression of antibody production. IND ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.11.013
更新日期:2009-02-25 00:00:00
abstract::The brominated flame retardant (BFR) hexabromocyclododecane was tested in a one-generation reproduction assay in Wistar rats, enhanced for endocrine parameters. A solution of the compound in corn oil was mixed in the feed, targeting at dietary exposure of 0-0.1-0.3-1-3-10-30-100 mg/kg body weight/day (mkd) in parental...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.12.003
更新日期:2009-02-25 00:00:00
abstract::Testicular Leydig cells express estrogen receptors and are the predominant source of the male sex steroid hormone testosterone (T). Previous studies demonstrated that genistein acts through estrogen receptors in Leydig cells. In the present study, pre-treatment of Leydig cells isolated from 35 day-old male Long Evans ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.11.005
更新日期:2009-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::Nitropyrene (1-NP) is classified as Group 2B carcinogen and is one of the main components of diesel exhaust particles (DEP), which are generated from incomplete combustion of automobile engines to cause human cancer or inflammatory diseases. Although many reports on the mutagenesis or carcinogenesis of 1-NP have been ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.10.028
更新日期:2009-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::Dysglycemia and central nervous system (CNS) complications are the known adverse effects of fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin are among the most prescribed antibiotics. In this study we demonstrate that ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin disturb glucose transport into HepG2 cells and such inhibit...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.10.017
更新日期:2009-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::There is a trend towards increasing doses of pralidoxime to treat human organophosphate poisonings that may have relevance in subpopulations. Indeed, pralidoxime is eliminated unchanged by the renal route. This study assesses the effect of renal failure on the kinetics of pralidoxime in a rat model of acute renal fail...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.10.022
更新日期:2009-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::Nonylphenol (NP) is a representative endocrine disruptor that has an adverse effect on male reproduction and posses direct hazard to Sertoli cells, but the mechanism remains incompletely elucidated. In the present study, based on the structural comparability and high affinity between NP and membrane phospholipid molec...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.08.011
更新日期:2008-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Betel quid chewing, which contributes high concentration of safrole in saliva, is a popular oral habit in Taiwan. Safrole is a documented rodent hepatocarcinogen, yet its hepatocarcinogenic potential in human is not known. Here, we used LC/ESI-ITMS(n) and LC/QTOF-MS confirmed safrole-dGMP as reference standard to dete...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.09.013
更新日期:2008-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::This study attempted the liposomalization of coproporphyrin I (CPI) with hydrophobic properties. Liposomalization of CPI was not successful at any pH when using lactate buffer. In contrast, when using 9% sucrose/10mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.8), CPI liposomes (Lipo-CPI) and polyethyleneglycol (PEG) modified liposomes (P...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.09.002
更新日期:2008-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::Due to its ability to avidly accumulate methyl mercury from blood, scalp hair has been widely used as a biological monitor for human exposure. The question arises that hair may also be an important route of elimination of methyl mercury from the body. Taking original publications and reviews on the physiology of hair ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.08.010
更新日期:2008-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::Neurological complications as well as movement disorders are relevant symptoms in animals and humans chronically exposed to dithiocarbamates. Using rat pheochromocytoma cells differentiated by NGF (PC12), we investigated whether propineb affects acetylcholine (Ach) release and the molecular mechanisms involved. Propin...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.08.016
更新日期:2008-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::The biomedical application of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), such as drug delivery and cancer treatment, requires a clear understanding of their fate and toxicological profile after intravenous administration. In this study, the long-term accumulation and toxicity of intravenously injected SWCNTs in the main...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.07.020
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We reported earlier that the activation of free-radical-mediated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) cascade is the major pathway in the inflammatory lung disease induced by 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), a mustard gas analog. TNF-alpha induces activating protein 1 (AP-1) activation via phosphorylation of mit...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.07.005
更新日期:2008-09-26 00:00:00
abstract::A comparative evaluation of urinary biomarkers was carried out to characterize benzene exposure in a group of 100 traffic policemen of the city of Parma (Italy). All subjects were monitored once, in two consecutive days characterized by similar climatic conditions but preceded by two windy days. Benzene ambient concen...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.06.865
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an important group of environmental pollutants, known for their mutagenic and carcinogenic activities. Many PAHs are aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands and several recent studies have suggested that PAHs or their metabolites may activate estrogen receptors (ER). The pre...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.06.862
更新日期:2008-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::International scientific committees, regional scientific committees such as those of the European Union, and national regulatory agencies generally use the uncertainly factor approach for establishing acceptable or tolerable intakes of substances that exhibit thresholds of toxicity. No observed adverse effect levels (...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.06.003
更新日期:2008-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::alpha-Zearalanol (alpha-ZAL), a phytochemical with both antioxidant and estrogen-like properties, has been shown to retard progression of atherosclerosis and regulate cardiovascular function in part through suppression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion. However, the precise nature behind alpha-ZAL-elicited inhibition o...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.05.005
更新日期:2008-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::This study was initiated to identify a marker of choice to monitor occupational exposure to toluene through quantitative evaluation of changes in correlation coefficients (CCs), taking advantage of a large database. Six known or proposed exposure markers in end-of-shift blood (B) and urine (U) were studied, i.e., tolu...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.05.003
更新日期:2008-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Pregnant sows were fed a control diet (CON, 0.15 mg deoxynivalenol (DON) and 0.0035 mg zearalenone (ZON) per kg diet) or diet containing 15% of Fusarium toxin contaminated triticale (MYCO, 4.42 mg DON and 0.048 mg ZON per kg diet) during days 35-70 of gestation. All sows were fed in a restricted feeding regimen with t...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.04.016
更新日期:2008-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::The possible role of acetylcholine receptors on the HgCl(2)-induced dopamine (DA) release from rat striatum was investigated by using in vivo brain microdialysis technique after administration of selective nicotinic and muscarinic receptor antagonists, mecamylamine and atropine, respectively. Intrastriatal infusion of...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.03.008
更新日期:2008-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this research was to develop a mathematical description of uptake of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons into the stratum corneum of human skin in vivo. A simple description based on Fick's laws of diffusion was used to predict the spatiotemporal variation of naphthalene, 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene, u...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.03.005
更新日期:2008-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::In addition to evidence that inhalation of ambient particulate matter (PM) can increase cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality, the brain may also constitute a site adversely effected by the environmental presence of airborne particulate matter. We have examined the association between exposure to PM and adverse CNS ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.03.001
更新日期:2008-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::Little information is available upon the effects of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on the airway barrier. Here we study the barrier function of Calu-3 human airway epithelial cells, grown on permeable filters, after the exposure to commercial single-walled or multi-walled CNT, produced through chemical vapour deposition. To a...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.02.007
更新日期:2008-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::Styrene-acrylonitrile trimer (SAN Trimer), a mixture of six isomers (four isomers of 4-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-alpha-methyl-1-naphthaleneacetonitrile [THAN] and two isomers of 4-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthaleneproprionitrile [THNP]), is a by-product of a specific production process of styrene-acrylonitrile poly...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.01.016
更新日期:2008-04-21 00:00:00
abstract::Cadmium (Cd) has been reported to induce hypertension in both humans and animals; however, its mechanism has not been clearly elucidated. Vascular tone is one of the factors contributing to hypertension. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Cd exposure on vascular muscarinic receptor responses to ace...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.11.002
更新日期:2008-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::Short-term exposure to elevated levels of particulate matter is associated with increased respiratory and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are still unclear. Recent studies have suggested that inhaled ultrafine particles are able to translocate into the bloodstre...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.09.006
更新日期:2008-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Human saliva offers a unique noninvasive approach for populational study. Purposes of this study were to investigate the feasibility of using saliva manganese (Mn) concentration as a biomarker of Mn exposure among career welders and to study the variations of Mn, copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.10.003
更新日期:2008-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) is a potent stimulator of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, the immunotoxic action of which remains unclear. We investigated the in vitro effects of SEA on freshly isolated human peripheral blood lymphocytes depleted of CD8+ T cells. Proliferation and flow cytometry analysis indicated that SEA ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.10.009
更新日期:2008-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::A number of zero tolerance provisions are contained in both food and animal feed law, e.g. for chemical substances whose occurrence is not permitted or is directly prohibited in food or animal feed. In the European Union, bans of this kind were introduced to give consumers and animals the greatest possible protection ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.10.002
更新日期:2007-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study is to predict dermal permeability of four phenolic biocides in four different formulations using a linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) approach, with a calibrated flow through diffusion cell system. Mathematical descriptors were determined in the laboratory, by mathematical computations, ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.09.005
更新日期:2007-12-10 00:00:00